Abstract

Uriti Sri Venkatesh, Ajit Kiran Kaur, Devesh Kumar, J. A. Soni, Syeda Fakrunnisa Begum, D. Sailaja, Utkarsh Verma, Subhasish Paul and Dr. Anil Kumar*

ABSTRACT

Hyperandrogenism and persistent anovulation are two characteristics of the complex condition known as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Affected women range in age from 6% to 20%, depending on the diagnostic criteria. Early in the pubertal years is when PCOS symptoms first appear. Erratic menstrual periods, anovulation, and acne are features of both PCOS and normal female pubertal development. Because of the intricately entwined pathophysiology, identifying the causative factors is difficult. Most clinical data that are now accessible include findings and results for adult females. Different diagnostic criteria have been established for PCOS in adolescent girls, while the Rotterdam criteria are recognized for adult women. Periodic variation, clinical hyperandrogenism, and/or hyperandrogenemia are diagnostic features for teenage girls. Adolescent girls with PCOS can be diagnosed without the use of pelvic ultrasound findings. Adolescents exhibiting clinical manifestations of androgen excess and oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea—two characteristics of PCOS—may be considered ?at risk for PCOS? even in the absence of a confirmed diagnosis. Treatment for PCOS involves lifestyle modifications, education, and symptom-specific therapies for both individuals at risk and those with a confirmed diagnosis. Metformin, combination oral contraceptive pills, spironolactone, and topical therapies for acne and hirsutism are examples of interventions. Management should involve planned transfer to adult care providers and routine follow-up visits in addition to screening for related comorbidities. A thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of PCOS will allow for the early detection of girls who are highly predisposed to the disease. This review's main goal is to highlight the pathophysiology of potential PCOS treatments.