Abstract

Dhiraj Baishya, Afreen Kadir, Ameena Ahmed, Anil Kumar, Yash Srivastav, Vikram Kumar, Konda V. V. S. Krishna, Sanmati Kumar Jain and Uriti Sri Venkatesh*

ABSTRACT

Asparagus racemosus, commonly known as Shatavari, is a highly valued medicinal plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine, particularly in Ayurveda. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the taxonomy, phytochemistry, and pharmacological significance of Asparagus racemosus. The plant belongs to the family Asparagaceae and is widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. Morphologically, A. racemosus is characterized by its thorny, climbing stems, needle-like leaves, and small, fragrant white flowers. The phytochemistry of Asparagus racemosus reveals a diverse range of bioactive compounds, including steroidal saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and polyphenols. Among these, the shatavarins (especially Shatavarin IV) are the most significant, contributing to the plant's wide-ranging therapeutic effects. The pharmacological activities of A. racemosus include adaptogenic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and galactagogue properties, which have been substantiated by numerous preclinical and clinical studies. The plant's extracts have been utilized in the treatment of various ailments, including gastrointestinal disorders, reproductive health issues, and as an adjunct in cancer therapy. This review consolidates the existing knowledge on Asparagus racemosus and underscores its potential for further research and development as a therapeutic agent. By providing a holistic view of its taxonomy, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties, this review aims to enhance the understanding and utilization of A. racemosus in both traditional and modern medicine.