Abstract

*C. Pavithra and Dr. D. Nagaswetha

ABSTRACT

Gynecomastia, derived from the Greek words "gyne" (woman) and "mastos"(breast), refers to the abnormal enlargement of the male breast due to theproliferation of glandular tissue. Clinically, gynecomastia manifests as a benign,rubbery, or firm mass extending from the nipple, affecting one or both breasts, andcan cause physical discomfort and psychological distress. It must be differentiatedfrom pseudo-gynecomastia, which involves excess fat deposition without glandularproliferation, typically seen in obese patients. Gynecomastia is most commonduring periods of hormonal transition, such as puberty, and affects up to 65% ofmales, with bilateral presentation in 50% of cases. The primary etiology ishormonal imbalance, with increased estrogen activity relative to androgens. Othercauses include liver disease, especially alcoholic cirrhosis, certain medications, andidiopathic factors. Diagnosis is confirmed through clinical examination, laboratorytests (e.g., hormone levels), and imaging, such as ultrasound and mammography, torule out malignancy. Treatment options range from medical management(antiestrogens, androgens) to surgical intervention, especially in cases of longstandinggynecomastia or significant psychological impact. This case reportpresents a unique instance of a 23-year-old male with unilateral gynecomastia andHepatitis-B, highlighting the diagnostic process and successful surgicalmanagement via mastectomy. The case underscores the importance ofindividualized treatment approaches in managing gynecomastia, particularly inpatients with coexisting conditions.