Abstract

Hussam Syed Rafi Uddin*, Salamah Zaheer, Dr. Mohammed Misbahuddin, Taseen Nazir Butt, Sakshi Kaushal, Dr. Pradhuman Sharma, Shaik Aneesa, Sanivarapu Radhika, Harpreet Kour Sodhi and Ridda Maddni

ABSTRACT

Oncolytic virus therapy is a novel and promising method of treatment, which exploits the use of genetically modified or naturally occurring viruses selectively to infect and destroy cancer cells, sparing normal tissues. Viruses provide two mechanisms of action: direct oncolysis and systemic induction of an anti-tumor immune response. Despite these developments, including genetic engineering to increase the selectivity of the tumor and AI-driven optimizations, challenges in delivery, immune clearance, and regulatory approvals remain. Clinical trials currently under way are increasing the range of cancers treatable with such approaches, while future directions include personalized medicine, innovative design of viruses, and synergistic therapies with immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Ethical and safety considerations, including biosecurity and public perception, will be crucial in ensuring responsible development and widespread clinical application. The integration of these strategies positions oncolytic virus therapy as a transformative tool in modern oncology.