Abstract

Dhanya Jayantha Shastry*, Shripathy D. and A. R. Shabaraya

ABSTRACT

Water solubility problems continue to pose a substantial obstacle in pharmaceutical formulation development, which affects close to 40% of new drug candidates. Nanosuspensions present an effective solution for increasing the water solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs while improving their bioavailability. Nanosuspensions are pharmaceutical formulations that incorporate drug nanoparticles which remain stable in a liquid carrier medium, such as water through the use of surfactants and stabilizers. Researchers have established multiple preparation methods for nanosuspensions which encompass top-down techniques like high-pressure homogenization and media milling together with bottom-up strategies such as nanoprecipitation. The physical and chemical stability of nanosuspensions relies on multiple factors such as particle size and zeta potential along with the selection of stabilizers and additives. Nanosuspensions exhibit adaptability for various drug delivery methods such as oral administration, intravenous delivery, ocular use, pulmonary application, and dermal treatment. Although nanosuspensions bring many benefits they still face obstacles when it comes to perfecting formulation methods as well as enhancing stability over time and increasing production for commercial usage. The review presents an all-encompassing examination of nanosuspension principles and preparation methods while addressing stability and pharmaceutical applications to demonstrate how these systems enhance drug bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes.