Abstract

Kumari V., Neha N., Negi N. and Devi S.*

ABSTRACT

Background: The escalating prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens is fueling a serious healthcare crisis worldwide, undermining the efficacy of conventional antibiotic treatments. The worsening crisis has promoted increased interest in the search for novel antimicrobial agents that are particularly targeted toward bioactive natural products. Medicinal plants, especially key members of traditional medicinal systems adhered to by most cultures on the globe, are rich sources of phytochemicals possessing broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. Materials & Methods: This review extensively discusses the promise of medicinal plants as a strategic choice against MDR bacterial infections. Specific attention is given to important phytochemical groups alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and phenolics and their multi-targeting activities such as efflux pump inhibition, membrane disruption, biofilm inhibition, and synergism with traditional antibiotics. Results: Plant extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against MDR pathogens, especially when used in combination with antibiotics. Synergistic effects included inhibition of efflux pumps and biofilm disruption. However, variability in efficacy due to extract composition highlights the need for standardization and optimized delivery systems. Conclusion: Amid growing antibiotic resistance, medicinal plants emerge as a powerful alternative due to their multi-target action and low risk of resistance. While issues like bioavailability and standardization pose challenges, their potential as adjuvants in combating MDR infections is clear. Advancing their use will require focused efforts on formulation, efficient delivery, and clinical validation.