Abstract

Dr. Mothish Waran* and Dr. Barath Raj

ABSTRACT

Virtual clinical trials (VCTs) have emerged as a transformative approach to medical research, integrating mathematical modelling, artificial intelligence, and remote monitoring to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and expand patient accessibility. This review explores the evolution, methodologies, applications, challenges, and future prospects of VCTs, highlighting their role in drug discovery, personalized medicine, and regulatory decision-making. The methodologies employed in VCTs include in silico modelling, virtual patient generation, remote monitoring via wearable devices, and hybrid trial models, each contributing to improved trial outcomes. Despite their advantages, VCTs face regulatory complexities, data integrity concerns, patient retention challenges, and technological barriers, requiring strategic adaptations for broader implementation. Looking ahead, VCTs are expected to benefit from AI-driven automation, decentralized trial models, and refined regulatory frameworks, making them a cornerstone of future clinical research. As advancements continue to address limitations, VCTs hold the potential to revolutionize precision medicine, optimize trial efficiency, and accelerate drug approvals globally.