Abstract

Shatha Hamed Jwaid, Huda Farhan Ahmed, Zahraa Neamah Abbas*

ABSTRACT

Thyroid disorders both hypo and hyperthyroidism are frequently seen in women, the incidence of hypothyroidism is being much higher than hyperthyroidism. Reported studies in these two conditions on reproductive physiology in women In women hypothyroidism is associated with delay in the onset of puberty, anovulation, amenorrhea, polymenorrhea, menstrual irregularities, infertility and increased frequency of spontaneous abortions. In hypothyroid women changes in menstrual cycle suggests that thyroid disorders are associated with ovarian hyperactivity like hyperestrogenemia, impaired fertility. The effects of thyroid hormones on the impaired function of reproductive and to great extent is thought to be due to changes in TSH level, whose secretion overlaps with FSH, LH and thus it may have overlapping function. Similar to hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism may also result in menstrual abnormalities in adult women. The more common manifestations are hypo, poly and oligomenorrhoea; moreover hyperthyroidism in women has been linked to reduced fertility. Reported studies indicate that menstrual disturbances in hyperthyroidism are 2 times more frequent than in normal population.