Abstract

Balasubramaniyan P., Dr. M. K. Sundar Sri, Dr. M. Kalaiarasan*

ABSTRACT

Background: Melioidosis is an infectious condition that can be fatal and is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a Gram-negative bacteria that is usually seen in tropical areas in soil and standing water. Though melioidosis is becoming common in South India, it still goes undetected due to its varied presentations and because of its similarity with other infections. People who are immunocompromised, especially diabetic patients, are at higher risk for melioidosis. Case Presentation: A 56-year-old male farmer suffering from poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus came to the hospital due to fever, cough with sputum production, weight loss, and weakness. Laboratory studies have shown leukocytosis, increased inflammation levels, and lack of glucose control. Radiologic studies have confirmed the presence of multiple pulmonary nodules, areas of consolidation, and microabscesses of the spleen. Blood cultures have shown Burkholderia pseudomallei, which indicated disseminated melioidosis with involvement of lungs and spleen. Therapy included intravenous administration of ceftazidime in an intensive regimen, followed by long-term eradication with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole orally. Conclusion: Melioidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of prolonged febrile illness with pulmonary and visceral organ involvement in immunocompromised individuals residing in endemic regions. Early microbiological diagnosis and timely initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy are essential for reducing morbidity and improving patient outcomes.