Abstract

Mohamed Jasim P. P.*, Thasneem C. K., Dr. Shiji Kumar P. S. and Dr. Sirajudheen M. K.

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar level. Hyperglycaemia results when the pancreatic beta cells are unable to secrete enough insulin to maintain normal glucose level. Insulin therapy, which is the exogenous supply of insulin is highly effective in regulating blood glucose level in diabetes patients. Insulin is supplied conventionally through subcutaneous routes. In early days, impurities present in bovine insulin led to many immunological reactions. The disadvantage of subcutaneous insulin delivery has inspired the research for new delivery system and hence we have many different invasive and non-invasive delivery system available today. Oral, buccal, pulmonary, transdermal, rectal and ocular routes of insulin delivery, nanotechnology based and gene therapy-based insulin delivery system, implantable insulin pump, pen devices, insulin inhalers, etc are the recent advances in insulin therapy. An oral delivery system of insulin will have tremendous benefits in terms of a decrease number of injections for diabetic patients and a reduced incidence of side effects. The proposed review on novel insulin delivery for diabetes mellitus treatment revealed that traditional subcutaneous insulin causes pain and immunological reactions. Hence novel insulin delivery enables better compliance and pharmaceutical therapies.