Abstract

Sushil S. Kore*, Sonali M. Jadhav and Suraj G. Malpani

ABSTRACT

Local anesthetics are used for the presentation of various regional anesthesia practices for intraoperative anesthesia and analgesia, along with the treatment of acute and chronic pain. Older medications like lidocaine and bupivacaine as well as newer ones such as mepivacaine and ropivacaine are being used successfully for decades. Routes of administration contain neuraxial, perineural, intravenous, various infiltrative approaches, topical, and transdermal. There is new innovation with the use of older local anesthetics in novel manners, in addition to the development and use of new formulations. This article seeks to summarize the history, physical properties, mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics, toxicity, finally, some special preparation.