Abstract

Rasika D. Bhalke*, Mahendra A. Giri, Yash S. Lodha, Aditya S. More and Pranjal S. Dange

ABSTRACT

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the presence of chronic hyperglycemia accompanied by greater or lesser impairment in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. DM is probably one of the oldest diseases known to man. It was first reported in an Egyptian manuscript about 3000 years ago. In 1936, the distinction between type 1 and type 2 DM was made. Type 2 DM was first described as a component of metabolic syndrome in 1988. The origin and etiology of DM can vary greatly but always include defects in either insulin secretion or response or both at some point in the course of the disease. Most patients with diabetes mellitus have either type 1 diabetes (which is immune-mediated or idiopathic) Type 2 DM (formerly known as non-insulin dependent DM) is the most common form of DM characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and relative insulin deficiency. Type 2 DM results from the interaction between genetic, environmental, and behavioral risk factors. Diabetes also can be related to the gestational hormonal environment, genetic defects, other infections, and certain drugs. [1]