Abstract

Pankaj Basumatary*, Dibyajyoti Das, Dr. Jun Moni Kalita, Hrishikesh Bhagawati, Debabrata Nath, Sumanjit Das, Khyatirupa Sarma, Aminul Islam and Ankita Kashyap

ABSTRACT

Infection with the Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is now considered a chronic condition. Despite the fact that highly active antiretroviral therapy has proven to be effective, a number of difficulties remain. Because the treatments can't completely eradicate the virus, there's no cure yet, and patients must stick to their treatment regimen for the rest of their lives, risking toxic side effects, drug-drug interactions, and drug resistance. The development of a large number of effective antiretroviral medications has been aided by a comprehensive understanding of viral replication and its interaction with host cell components (ARVs). New medications of the same class, such as apricitabine, elvucitabine, and etravirine, have showed promise against HIV strains resistant to first-line therapy. These medications have given patients with drug-resistant diseases a new option. However, the long-term impact of their use on safety has yet to be determined. CD4 receptor attachment inhibitors, maturation inhibitors, pharmacokinetic enhancers, capsid assembly inhibitors, and lens epithelium derived growth factor inhibitors are among the novel medications still in development. ARVs, particularly tenofovir and emtricitabine, are currently being studied for the prevention of HIV-1 sexual transmission. The initial results of an HIV prevention trial network are favourable and have advised the use of ARVs for pre-exposure prophylaxis. As a result, ARVs are an important part of the HIV prevention and treatment strategy. This review article addresses the difficulties of treating HIV-1 and provides an update on many key advances in the development of antiretrovirals (ARVs).