Abstract

Shristi Patel, Shayna Bee, Siddharth Kaushik, Shubham Jain and Aasma Kossar*

ABSTRACT

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex hematological disease characterized by genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Numerous previous studies have shown that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients under the age of 60 have around a 50% survival rate, while older patients have a worse prognosis, with around 15% survival. Poor treatment outcomes are often due to primary chemotherapy resistance and high relapse rates, emphasizing that standard chemotherapy is insufficient to cure most AML patients. More recently, many innovative approaches to drug design have been proposed, and drugs targeting the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutation or the iso-citrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-1 or -2 mutation have demonstrated significantly improved outcomes for AML patients. Targeted delivery of nanomedicines offers potential strategies to improve the efficacy of molecular drugs. In this review, we will present and describe these recently approved drugs as well as selected novel agents against AML that are currently under investigation, and show the most promising results as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines palliative care as an approach that can improve the quality of life (QoL) of patients and their families through the timely identification of deteriorating health, holistic assessment of needs, management of pain and other symptoms (physical, psychosocial, and spiritual), and the proposal of a person-centered planning of care .However, the modern management of AML has been significantly improved by the availability of novel targeted agents as well as drugs with novel cytotoxic delivery approaches. Besides conventional treatments and new therapeutic strategies, palliative medication should also be taken into account for the optimal management of AML patients.