Abstract

Dr. Naga Rani Kagithala*, Abhishek Guleria and Dr Pramod Kumar Sharma

ABSTRACT

Leukemia is the most prevalent kind of cancer that is not caused by ageing, despite its low total incidence. 30% of all malignancies seen in children under the age of 15 are caused by it. Acute lymphocytic leukemia is diagnosed in this demographic about five times more commonly than acute myelogenous leukemia, accounting for around 78% of diagnoses of juvenile leukemia. In an attempt to pinpoint the etiology of acute leukemia, epidemiologic studies have examined possible contributing variables such hereditary, infectious, and environmental causes. Ionizing radiation is the sole environmental risk factor specifically connected to ALL or AML. Both types of acute nonage leukemia are intended to only occasionally and weakly correlate with the strongest environmental causal factors. The demography of non-age leukemia and the risk factors that have been connected to the development of non-age ALL or AML are the main topics of our study. Ionizing radiation, non-ionizing radiation, hydrocarbons, fungicides, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and illicit drug use are a few of the environmental risk factors mentioned. Understanding these specific threat traits may motivate actions to cut down on possibly hazardous exposures and get rid of the complaint threat. It is also taken into account other aspects such the mother's reproductive history, birth features, and inheritable and infectious risk factors. The comprehensive characterization and experimental confirmation of all genetic alterations causing leukemogenesis and treatment failure in childhood and adult ALL, as well as the integration of genomic profiling into the clinical environment to improve risk assessment and targeted therapy, are among the future challenges.