Abstract

Negarish Zia, Badruddeen*, Juber Akhtar, Mohammad Irfan Khan, Mohammad Ahmad Khan, Md. Babar Siddique and Murlyadhar Singh Rathore

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is caused by either inadequate or dysfunctional insulin. It isone leading causes of Diabetic retinopathy (DR). Many synthetic medications haveserious adverse effects that exacerbate the diabetic patient's condition. Thediscovery of phytochemicals from medicinal plants offers a promising possibilityfor the creation of novel therapies for diabetes and its complications including DR.This review highlighted pathological mechanism of DR and also describe numerousplant-derived small compounds (phytochemicals) that have been studied in preclinicaland clinical settings for their potential to have retinal cytoprotective effects.This also emphasise the mechanism retinal cryoprotection of phytochemicals. Thesources were retrieved from various database such as Science Direct, GoogleScholar, PubMed, Medline etc. In various studies, phytochemicals reducedinflammation, apoptosis pathways and oxidative stress, which inhibited thedevelopment of DR. Numerous phytochemicals, including flavonoids, lignan,glycosides, phytoestrogen etc., inhibited the production of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) and downregulation the inflammatory markers such as Interleukin-6(IL-6),Interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Overall most of thephytochemicals shows retinal cryoprotection by reducing generation of free radicalsand inflammatory mediators.